Parking Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Parking Economics - Essay Example Each of the firms produces goods or services that do not have any unique characteristics when compared to the other firms. In perfect competition, each firm takes the price that is in the market. Not a single firm can set or determine the price of the goods, and they must take the equilibrium price. The output of each firm is usually a perfect substitute of the other firms’ output. The demand for the firm’s output is thus perfectly elastic. The market supply and demand, determine the market price that a firm must take. All firms can sell any quantity of goods at the market price. The marginal revenue is equal to the price. The demand curve for the products is horizontal ant the market price (Parkin 12). The demand that is associated with the products of a firm is perfectly elastic; because a sweetener for one firm is a perfect substitute for the sweetener of the other firm. The market demand can thus not be perfectly elastic since the sweetener is a substitute for other goods. In perfect competition, the goal of any firm is to maximize profits given the constraints that the firm will face. The firm must then decide on how to reduce production costs, what quantity of goods to produce and when the firm should enter or exit the market (Parkin 35). In a perfectly competitive firm, the output that maximizes the economic profit is chosen. The firm looks at the total revenue and the total cost curves to find the profit-maximizing output, the difference between the total revenue and the total cost is the economic profit. At the low output levels, a firm will incur an economic loss and with this the firm cannot recover the fixed costs. At the intermediate level, the firm makes some economic profit (Parkin 36). The firm can also use marginal analysis to determine the profit-maximizing output. Marginal revenue is constant, and the marginal cost increases as the output increases, with this, the

Criminal justice Mini study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal justice Mini study - Research Paper Example The research problem in this context can be recognized as the conduct of graffiti by gangs in community such as in schools. Conceptually, graffiti refers to certain writings or drawings made on the walls of the communities asserting messages of threat. In various cities of the nations like in the case of New York, the police officers have been assigned to look after this issue. Thus, in this regard, graffiti in the community is the research problem to be identified (Maxfiled and Babbie 237-238). Reviewing the prior research. Prior research refers to the study of the current situation of the problem of graffiti with reference to the available data. This step of planning gives more attention on the selection of data collection method and also gives a clear view of the measures to be taken for solving the problem. Relating to this aspect, the notion of units of analysis specifies on the identification of the problem through the conduct of researches based upon primary along with secondary data (Maxfiled and Babbie 237-238). Research findings of content analysis of graffiti in community. Research findings will contain the implications of the problem i.e. conduct of graffiti in the community. This provides much attention on the goals and the rationales of the study conducted on graffiti in the community. The other aspect concerning the formation of content analysis require to be taken into concern is that the study must not be too limited towards manifest content and also not much extended towards latent analysis. Manifest analysis gives more importance to the goal of the study, whereas latent analysis focuses upon seeking independent evidences. With regards to the problem of graffiti, it can be affirmed that this problem must not only be identified, rather proper solutions to eradicate this must be found out and implemented (Maxfiled and Babbie 237-238). Planning of coding system for the study. This planning step focuses upon the establishment of